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Hair is composed of 3 Principle Layers
The Medulla
- Composed of round cells 2 or 5 rows across
- Sometimes called the pith or marrow of the hair
- Thick or coarse hair usually contains a Medulla
- Fine and naturally blonde hair generally lacks a Medulla
- The purpose of the Medulla has not been determined
The Cortex
- Composed of a fibrous protein core
- The cells are elongated and tightly bound together
- Contains Melanin pigment which is responsible for
- Strength, Elasticity and Tenacity
- Chemical changes take place in the Cortex when
- Colouring, Perming, Relaxing or Straightening
The Cuticle
- The outermost layer of the hair
- Composed of scale like single layer cells
- The cuticle protect the Cortex and Medulla
- Products with a High PH cause the cuticle layer to swell allowing liquids into the Cortex
- Products with a Low PH cause the cuticle to shrink and harden
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Facts about Hair Loss
At Age 25 – 25% of men have lost some hair
At Age 50 – 50% of men have lost 50% of their hair
Why?
- Hair follicles are genetically pre programmed revert from producing terminal hair to vellus hair
- Male hormones (androgens), androgenetic alopecia Eunuchs who served the Harems of the east in days gone by never went bald!
Many women suffer from Androgenetic Alopecia
- Usually starts 10 years later in women than men
- Hair loss is distributed differently is less dramatic
- Hair line remains intact in Women
- Little or no hair loss at the temples.
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Hamiltion Hair Loss Pattern – Male
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Ludwig Hair Loss Pattern – Female
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Facts about Female Pattern Hair Loss
- Most common type is Androgenetic Alopecia, also known as Female Pattern Baldness
- Hair thins predominately over top and sides of the head
- Affects 1 in 3 Women
- Very common after the menopause, but can begin in puberty
- Normal hair loss 100 – 125 hairs per day
- Abnormal / True hair loss exceeds 125 per day not re-grown
- Hair loss can come from either side of the family.
Facts about Hair Loss
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Anagen Effluvium
- Generally due to internally adminstered medications
- Chemotherapy attacks the growing hair follicle
Teolgen Effluvium
- Due to an increased number of follicles entering the resting phase
- Most common causes:
- Physical Stress, Surgery, Anemia, Weight Change
- Emotional Stress, Mental illness, change in relationships
- Thyroid abnormalities
- Medication, blood pressure, steroids, thyroxin
- Hormonal causes, contraceptives, pregnancy
- When the underlying cause is reversed usually returns to normal growth
- 3 month delay between event and onset of hair loss
- Another 3 months delay prior to return of noticeable re-growth
- In total can last for 6 months
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Androgen
- Any group of hormones that primarily influence the growth and development of the male productive system
- Produced primarily from the Adrenal Gland and Ovaries
- Predominant, most active androgen is testosterone
- Women produce about one twelfth as much androgen as men
- Androgens are essential to production of estrogen
- Testosterone by product is DHT Dihydrotestostersone
- AGA is lined to Iron Deficiency
- Iron levels are low, Adrenals work more to compensate
- Adrenals compensate by producing Testosterone – DHT
Alopecia Areata (AA)
- Used to describe hair loss anywhere on the body
Alopecia Totalis (AT)
- Total loss of hair on the scalp
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Alopecia Universalis (AU)
- Total loss of all body hair
Alopecia Barbae
- Loss of facial hair (male) beard area
Alopecia Mucinosa
- A type of alopecia that results in scaly patches
Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA)
- Known as male pattern baldness hair thins to an almost transparent state
- Affects men and women and is thought to be hereditary
Traction Alopecia
- Caused by excessive traction or pulling on the hair shaft.
- Hair loss depends on the way the hair is pulled
- Prolonged tension or pulling can stop new follicles developing
- Can lead to permanent hair loss
Scarring Alopecia
- A form of alopecia that leaves scaring on the area of hair loss
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